https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42535 Wed 24 Aug 2022 15:57:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35982 Wed 22 Jan 2020 15:50:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18891 14.4 km·h−1) demands across each quarter. Decision-making performance was assessed through video by 3 elite umpire coaches who reviewed free-kick accuracy during each match. These data were further analyzed according to the position (mid-zone or end-zone) of the umpire when each decision was made. The average distance covered was 10,563 ± 608 m, of which 1,952 ± 494 m was HSR. Significant reductions in distance covered were observed during the third (p = 0.006) and fourth (p = 0.001) quarters, compared with the first. An average of 44 ± 8 free kicks awarded per match with a decision accuracy of 84 ± 6%; however, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in these measures across a match. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher physical (HSR; relative distance) and decision-making requirements were observed within the mid-zone. The current data quantify the physical and decision-making demands of AF umpiring and demonstrated that despite a high physical workload, free-kick accuracy is maintained across a match. This suggests that decision making may not be directly compromised by the intermittent running demands of AF umpires. Positional rotations between the mid-zone and end-zone position allow for the demands to be shared among all field umpires during a match.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:32:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20688 Wed 04 Sep 2019 10:59:23 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32868 Wed 04 Sep 2019 10:05:06 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32862 IFT) within rugby league. Sixty-three Australian elite and junior-elite rugby league players (22.5 ± 4.5 years, 96.1 ± 9.5 kg, Σ7 skinfolds: 71.0 ± 18.7 mm) from a professional club participated in this study. Players were assessed for anthropometry (body mass, Σ7 skinfolds, lean mass index), prolonged high-intensity intermittent running (PHIR; measured by 30-15_IFT), predicted aerobic capacity (MSFT) and power (AAS), speed (40 m sprint), repeated sprint, and change of direction (COD—505 agility test) ability before and after an 11-week preseason training period. Validity of the 30-15_IFT was established using Pearson’s coefficient correlations. Forward stepwise regression model identified the fewest variables that could predict individual final velocity (V_IFT) and change within 30-15_IFT performance. Significant correlations between V_IFT and Σ7 skinfolds, repeated sprint decrement, VO₂max_MSFT, and average aerobic speed were observed. A total of 71.8% of the adjusted variance in 30-15_IFT performance was explained using a 4-step best fit model (VO₂max_MSFT, 61.4%; average aerobic speed, 4.7%; maximal velocity, 4.1%; lean mass index, 1.6%). Across the training period, 25% of the variance was accounted by ΔVO₂max_MSFT (R² = 0.25). These relationships suggest that the 30-15_IFT is a valid test of PHIR within rugby league. Poor correlations were observed with measures of acceleration, speed, and COD. These findings demonstrate that although the 30-15_IFT is a valid measure of PHIR, it also simultaneously examines various physiological capacities that differ between sporting cohorts.]]> Tue 31 Jul 2018 11:55:18 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36180 Tue 25 Feb 2020 10:13:35 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31359 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:23:01 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32056 2 max and a 3 km time trial) on a nonmotorized treadmill in the heat (33° C). Trials consisted of precooling by combined cold-water immersion and ice slurry ingestion (PRE), midcooling by combined facial water spray and menthol mouth rinse (MID), a combination of all methods (ALL), and control (CON). Performance time was significantly faster in MID (13.7 ± 1.2 minutes; p < 0.01) and ALL (13.7 ± 1.4 minutes; p = 0.04) but not PRE (13.9 ± 1.4 minutes; p = 0.24) when compared with CON (14.2 ± 1.2 minutes). Precooling significantly reduced rectal temperature (initially by 0.5 ± 0.2° C), mean skin temperature, heart rate and sweat rate, and increased iEMG activity, whereas midcooling significantly increased expired air volume and respiratory exchange ratio compared with control. Significant decreases in forehead temperature, thermal sensation, and postexercise blood prolactin concentration were obser ved in all conditions compared with control. Performance was improved with midcooling, whereas precooling had little or no influence. Midcooling may have improved performance through an attenuated inhibitory psychophysiological and endocrine response to the heat.]]> Thu 26 Apr 2018 12:18:57 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37102 Thu 20 Aug 2020 12:10:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10948 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:14:16 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19065 -1) and eccentric (30°·s^-1) knee extensor and flexor isokinetic testing (unilateral strength). Both groups completed a 6-week speed and agility program. The ESSA subjects decelerated to a stop within a specified distance in each drill. A repeated measures analysis of variance determined significant (p ≤ 0.05) within- and between-group changes. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated. The TSA group improved all speed tests (d = 0.29–0.96), and most power tests (d = 0.57–1.10). The ESSA group improved the 40-m sprint, CODAT, T-test, and most power tests (d = 0.46–1.31) but did not significantly decrease 0–10 and 0–20 m times. The TSA group increased posteromedial and medial excursions (d = 0.97–1.89); the ESSA group increased medial excursions (d = 0.99–1.09). The ESSA group increased concentric knee extensor and flexor strength, but also increased between-leg knee flexor strength differences (d = 0.50–1.39). The loading associated with stopping can increase unilateral strength. Coaches should ensure deceleration drills allow for appropriate sprint distances before stopping, and athletes do not favor 1 leg for stopping after deceleration.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18134 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:28 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19896 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:03:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19899 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:03:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17321 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:01:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:16971 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21111 t-tests (p = 0.05) were used to examine differences between dominant and nondominant trials. Independent t-tests (p- = 0.05) were used to identify differences between left and right leg dominant groups. The current version of the AFL agility test appropriately examined ~61% of footballers in this cohort. The remaining ~39% produced significantly faster times during the alternate version (0.63-0.82 seconds; p = 0.001). All footballers demonstrated a performance deficit of 5-10% between limbs (~0.72 seconds; p = 0.001). Limb dominance (directional preference) was evident for all footballers. Change of direction capabilities should therefore be examined bilaterally to eliminate bias toward athletes with particular leg dominance profiles and to provide a limb deficit measure for enhanced athletic profiling outcomes.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:54:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21210 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:53 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19165 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25366 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28162 -1), high-intensity movement (>3 m·s^-1), shuffling, and dribbling activity. Frequencies were determined for jumping and upper-body activity; stoppage durations were also calculated. Separate repeated-measures analysis of variance and Cohen's d were used to identify significant differences and quantify the effect sizes between game quarters for all outcome measures, respectively. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between stoppage duration and all activity measures. The results showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced dribbling (3.09 ± 0.03 m·s^-1 vs. 2.81 ± 0.01 m·s^-1) and total (2.22 ± 0.04 m·s^-1 vs. 2.09 ± 0.03 m·s^-1) activity velocities during the third compared with the first quarter in professional players. Furthermore, effect size analyses showed greater decreases in high-intensity (professional: d 1.7-5.4; semiprofessional: d 0.3-1.7), shuffling (professional: d 2.3-3.2; semiprofessional: d 1.4-2.1), and total (professional: d 1.0-4.9; semiprofessional: d 0.3-0.8) activity and increases in dribbling (professional: d 1.4-4.7; semiprofessional: d 2.5-2.8) with game progression in professional players. In semiprofessional players, stoppage duration was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) related to various low-intensity (R 0.64-0.72), high-intensity (R 0.65-0.72), and total (R 0.63-0.73) activity measures. Although not directly measured, the observed game activity fluctuations were likely because of a combination of physiological (e.g., muscle glycogen depletion, dehydration), tactical (e.g., ball control, game pace), and game-related (e.g., time-outs, player fouls) factors. Basketball coaches can use the provided data to (a) develop more precise training plans and management strategies, (b) elevate semiprofessional player performance closer to the professional level, and (c) incorporate tactical strategies to maximize the benefits of stoppages.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:34 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26796 IO₂] 0.21), moderate-level hypoxia (F _IO₂ 0.16), or high-level hypoxia (F_IO₂ 0.13) by a portable hypoxic unit. Peak and mean force and power variables were monitored during exercise. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed immediately following each set. No differences in force or power variables were evident between conditions. Similar trends were evident in these variables across each set and across the exercise session in each condition. SpO₂ was lower in hypoxic conditions than in NORM, whereas HR was higher following sets performed in hypoxia. There were no differences between conditions in RPE. These results indicate that a hypoxic stimulus during high-intensity resistance exercise does not alter physical performance during repetitions and sets or affect how strenuous exercise is perceived to be. This novel training strategy can be used without adversely affecting the physical training dose experienced and may provide benefits over the equivalent training in NORM.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26814 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:28 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27170 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25297 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:30:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25695 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:28:22 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28336 0.7), whereas the ICCs for Under 16s and Under 18s were almost perfect (r > 0.9). Coefficients of variation were 1.9% (95% confidence interval, 1.6–2.4) for the combined test-retest of the 30-15IFT and 0.6% (0.5–1.0) for HRpeak. As the typical error of measurement (TE) (0.36 km·h−1) was greater than the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) (0.21 km·h−1) value, the usefulness of the VIFT was rated as “marginal.” The TE for HRpeak was similar to the SWC, rating the usefulness of this variable as “OK.” Despite the usefulness of the 30-15IFT being deemed Marginal, a change as small as 0.5 km·h−1 (1 stage) in VIFT could be considered substantial or “real.” As a consequence, the 30-15IFT presents as both a reliable and useful field test in the assessment of intermittent fitness for rugby league players.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:14 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22317 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:43 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23761 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:11:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32764 IO₂] = 21%) and moderate-level hypoxia (MH; F_IO₂ = 16%). Exercise comprised 3 sets of 10 repetitions of squats and deadlifts at 60% of 1 repetition maximum, with 60-second interset rest. Blood lactate (BLa⁻) was quantified after each exercise, whereas arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate (HR) were assessed after each set. Thigh circumference was measured before and after exercise. Muscle activation and oxygenation were monitored by surface electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Relative BLa⁻ concentrations were significantly higher following squats (p = 0.041) and deadlifts (p = 0.002) in MH than NORM. Arterial oxygen saturation was lower after each set in MH compared with NORM (p , 0.001), although HR and thigh circumference were not different between conditions. Integrated EMG was higher in MH than in NORM for the squat during several repetitions (p ≤ 0.032). Measures of muscle oxygen status were not significantly different between conditions (p ≥ 0.247). The main findings from this study suggest that hypoxia during moderate-load resistance exercise augments metabolite accumulation and muscle activation. However, a significant hypoxic dose was not measured at the muscle, possibly because of the moderate level of hypoxia used. The current data support previous hypotheses that have suggested hypoxia can augment some physiological responses that are important for muscular development, and may therefore provide benefit over the equivalent training in normoxia.]]> Mon 23 Jul 2018 12:49:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32765 IFT). Relationships between anaerobic tests and V_IFT were quantified via Pearson product-moment correlations, and a 2-predictor model multiple linear regression estimated the predictive relationships between the exercise tests and the V_IFT. Multiple linear regression showed that V_IFT significantly predicted 56, 51, 44, 36, 12, and 1% of the variance in the 300-m shuttle, repeated sprint, 505- and 40-m sprint, vertical jump, and 10-m sprint tests, respectively. The 2-predictor model determined the 300-m shuttle, and repeated-sprint performance accounted for 67% of the variance in V_IFT. These findings highlight that various anaerobic characteristics contribute to the intermittent fitness qualities that are quantified through V_IFT. More specifically, these data indicate that V_IFT is useful for tracking performance in tasks largely determined by anaerobic capacity, but may not be a good predictor of brief all-out sprinting and jumping efforts.]]> Mon 23 Jul 2018 12:49:17 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38022 −1 (5-second effort) and 4.1 ± 0.6 W·kg⁻¹ (600-second effort). No differences in absolute peak power or cadence were identified between groups across any effort length (p > 0.05). However, the XCO-MTB cyclists produced greater mean power outputs relative to body mass than the NC-MTB during the 60-second (6.9 ± 0.8 vs 6.4 ± 0.6 W·kg−1; p = 0.002), 240-second (4.7 ± 0.7 vs. 3.8 ± 0.4 W·kg−1; p < 0.001), and 600-second (4.1 ± 0.6 vs. 3.4 ± 0.3 W·kg⁻¹; p < 0.001) efforts. The PPA is a useful discriminative assessment tool for XCO-MTB and highlights the importance of aerobic power for XCO-MTB performance.]]> Fri 23 Jul 2021 16:22:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49517 Fri 19 May 2023 17:45:14 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53070 Fri 17 Nov 2023 11:43:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51734 Fri 15 Sep 2023 18:07:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49194 Fri 05 May 2023 15:51:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49185 0.05) with the exception of significantly lower jog values in the FBS-T20 (957–1,279 vs. 2,195 m; p = 0.04-<0.001). The maximal HR was found to be valid, but the mean HR was significantly higher than previously published data (147–151 bpm vs. 133 bpm; p = 0.014–0.003). Distances covered demonstrated high levels of reliability, with increasing reliability found after additional sessions (coefficient of variation [CV]% = 3.8–14.4). The HR (CV% = 4.8–6.3) and session RPE (CV% = 10.8) demonstrated moderate reliability, whereas approach speed, 10-m sprint, and bowling skills test results possessed low levels of reliability. The FBS-T20 is a practically viable testing and training tool that is valid and reliable for distances covered at high speeds. One full familiarization session is recommended for optimal reliability.]]> Fri 05 May 2023 15:44:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36367 2 years resistance training experience performed moderate-load resistance exercise in 2 conditions: normoxia (F₁O₂ = 0.21) and hypoxia (F₁O₂ = 0.16). Resistance exercise comprised 3 sets of 10 repetitions of back squats and deadlifts at 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), with 60 seconds inter-set rest. Physical performance was assessed by quantifying velocity and power variables during all repetitions. Perceptual ratings of perceived exertion, physical fatigue, muscle soreness, and overall well-being were obtained during and after exercise. Neuromuscular performance was assessed by vertical jump and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) tasks for up to 48 hours after exercise. Although physical performance declined across sets, there were no differences between conditions. Similarly, perceived exertion and fatigue scores were not different between conditions. Muscle soreness increased from baseline at 24 and 48 hours after exercise in both conditions (p ≤ 0.001). Jump height and IMTP peak force were decreased from baseline immediately after exercise (p ≤ 0.026), but returned to preexercise values after 24 hours. These findings suggest that hypoxic resistance exercise does not affect exercise performance or perceived exercise intensity. In addition, neuromuscular recovery and perceptual markers of training stress were not affected by hypoxia, suggesting that hypoxic resistance training may not add substantially to the training dose experienced.]]> Fri 03 Apr 2020 14:02:09 AEDT ]]>